{"product_id":"julian-ii-as-caesar-ad-360-363-ae4-bi-nummus-emperor-with-globe-spear-ngc-82","title":"Julian II as Caesar AD 360-363 AE4 BI NUMMUS\/Emperor with globe \u0026 spear NGC (82)","description":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e CERTIFICATION NUMBER : 6156269-082\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e CERTIFICATION : NGC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e GRADE : NGC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e YEAR : 360-363 AD\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e COMPOSITION : Billon\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e RULER : Julian II\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e DENOMINATION : Nummus\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e KM NUMBER : 360-363 AD\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e ERA : Ancient\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cfont rwr=\"1\" style=\"\"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"WCPGSubHead\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 11px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eROMAN EMPIRE \u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eJulian II as Caesar AD 360-363\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eAE4 BI NUMMUS \u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eGRADED NGC \u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003e Obverse: Bare-headed, draped \u0026amp; \u003cbr\u003ecuirassed bust right\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReverse:  Emperor standing left, helmeted \u0026amp; in military dress,holding globe \u003cbr\u003e\u0026amp; spear.\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eFlavius Claudius Julianus, known also as \u003cbr\u003eJulian, Julian the Apostate or Julian the Philosopher (331\/332 – 26 June 363, \u003cbr\u003eGreek :Ιουλιανός), was Roman Emperor (Caesar, November 355 to February 360; \u003cbr\u003eAugustus, February 360 to June 363), last of the Constantinian dynasty . Julian \u003cbr\u003ewas a man of \"unusually complex character\": he was \"the military commander, the \u003cbr\u003etheosophist, the social reformer, and the man of letters\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFile:Julien l'Apostat, Musée de Cluny.JPG\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eJulian was the last non-Christian ruler of the Roman Empire and it was his \u003cbr\u003edesire to bring the empire back to its ancient Roman values in order to save it \u003cbr\u003efrom \"dissolution\". He purged the top-heavy state bureaucracy and attempted to \u003cbr\u003erevive traditional Roman religious practices at the cost of Christianity . His \u003cbr\u003erejection of Christianity in favour of Neo -Platonic paganism caused him to be \u003cbr\u003ecalled Julian the Apostate by the church, as Edward Gibbon wrote:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn 363, after a reign of only 19 months as absolute ruler of the Roman Empire, \u003cbr\u003eJulian died in Persia during a campaign against the Sassanid Empire .\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFlavius Claudius Julianus, born in May or June 332 or 331 in Constantinople , \u003cbr\u003ewas the son of Julius Constantius (consul in 335), half brother of Emperor \u003cbr\u003eConstantine I , and his second wife, Basilina, both Christians. His paternal \u003cbr\u003egrandparents were Western Roman Emperor Constantius Chlorus and his second wife, \u003cbr\u003eFlavia Maximiana Theodora . His maternal grandfather was Julius Julianus, \u003cbr\u003epraetorian prefect of the East under emperor Licinius from 315 to 324 and consul \u003cbr\u003eafter 325. The name of Julian's maternal grandmother is unknown.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the turmoil after the death of Constantine in 337, in order to establish \u003cbr\u003ehimself as sole emperor, Julian's zealous Arian Christian cousin Constantius II \u003cbr\u003eled a massacre of Julian's family. Constantius II ordered the murders of many \u003cbr\u003edescendants from the second marriage of Constantius Chlorus and Theodora, \u003cbr\u003eleaving only Constantius and his brothers Constantine II and Constans I , and \u003cbr\u003etheir cousins, Julian and Gallus (Julian's half-brother), as the surviving males \u003cbr\u003erelated to Emperor Constantine. Constantius II, Constans I, and Constantine II \u003cbr\u003ewere proclaimed joint emperors, each ruling a portion of Roman territory. Julian \u003cbr\u003eand Gallus were excluded from public life and given a strictly Arian Christian \u003cbr\u003eeducation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInitially growing up in Bithynia, raised by his maternal grandmother, at the age \u003cbr\u003eof seven he was under the guardianship of Eusebius of Nicomedia , the semi-Arian \u003cbr\u003eChristian Bishop of Nicomedia, and taught by Mardonius, a Gothic eunuch , whom \u003cbr\u003eJulian wrote warmly of later. After Eusebius died in 342, both Julian and Gallus \u003cbr\u003ewere exiled to the imperial estate of Macellum in Cappadocia . Here Julian met \u003cbr\u003ethe Christian bishop George of Cappadocia , who lent him books from the \u003cbr\u003eclassical tradition. At the age of 18, the exile was lifted and he dwelt briefly \u003cbr\u003ein Constantinople and Nicomedia.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe became a lector , a minor office in the Christian church, and his later \u003cbr\u003ewritings show a detailed knowledge of the Bible, likely acquired in his early \u003cbr\u003elife. (Looking back on his life in 362, Julian wrote, in his thirty-first year, \u003cbr\u003ethat he had spent twenty years in the way of Christianity and twelve in the true \u003cbr\u003eway (ie the way of Helios).)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eJulian studied Neoplatonism in Asia Minor in 351, at first under Aedesius , the \u003cbr\u003ephilosopher, and then Neoplatonic theurgy from Aedesius' student, Maximus of \u003cbr\u003eEphesus . He was summoned to Constantius' court in Milan in 354 and kept there \u003cbr\u003efor a year; in the summer and fall of 355, he was permitted to study in Athens . \u003cbr\u003eWhile there, Julian became acquainted with two men who later became both bishops \u003cbr\u003eand saints: Gregory of Nazianzus and Basil the Great ; in the same period, \u003cbr\u003eJulian was also initiated into the Eleusinian Mysteries , which he would later \u003cbr\u003etry to restore.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eConstantine II died in 340 when he attacked his brother Constans. Constans in \u003cbr\u003eturn fell in 350 in the war against the usurper Magnentius . This left \u003cbr\u003eConstantius II as the sole remaining emperor. In need of support, in 351 he made \u003cbr\u003eJulian's half-brother, Gallus , Caesar of the East, while Constantius II himself \u003cbr\u003eturned his attention westward to Magnentius, whom he defeated decisively that \u003cbr\u003eyear. In 354 Gallus, who had imposed a rule of terror over the territories under \u003cbr\u003ehis command, was executed. Julian was summoned to court, and held for a year, \u003cbr\u003eunder suspicion of treasonable intrigue, first with his brother and then with \u003cbr\u003eClaudius Silvanus ; he was cleared, in part because the Empress Eusebia \u003cbr\u003eintervened on his behalf, and he was sent to Athens. (Julian expresses his \u003cbr\u003egratitude to the empress Eusebia in his third oration.)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"WCPGSubHead\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 11px;\"\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003ePlease check out my other listings and we will be happy to combine in one package !\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"WCPGSubHead\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 11px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\" style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eYOU WILL RECEIVED THE SAME COIN AS PICTURED.\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\" style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eALL COINS ARE AUTHENTIC AS DESCRIBED.\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e \u003cbr\u003eListed with ExportYourStore.com","brand":"eNumismat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43152897573108,"sku":"NGC 6156269-082","price":35.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0271\/8600\/4103\/products\/NGC_6156269-082.jpg?v=1654710346","url":"https:\/\/enumismat.com\/products\/julian-ii-as-caesar-ad-360-363-ae4-bi-nummus-emperor-with-globe-spear-ngc-82","provider":"eNumismat","version":"1.0","type":"link"}