{"product_id":"roman-gallienus-ad-253-268-bi-double-denarius-liberalitas-ngc-147","title":"ROMAN.Gallienus AD 253-268  BI Double-Denarius \/ Liberalitas NGC (147)","description":"\u003cbr\u003e \u003cfont rwr=\"1\" style=\"\"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"WCPGSubHead\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 11px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/resized-images.crazylister.com\/68747470733a2f2f696d672e6372617a796c69737465722e636f6d2f35383630382f696d616765732f6c6f676f322835292e706e673f76657273696f6e49643d5f695235775254556a5736497a53305f54792e524c376649764f6c347a727834\/auto\/82.png\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 18.6667px; font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"WCPGSubHead\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 11px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eROMAN EMPIRE \u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eGALLIENUS 253-268 AD\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eBI DOUBLE DENARIUS \u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eRoman Age of Chaos\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eCERTIFIED BY NGC \u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eObverse:  \u003c\/font\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGallienus  facing right, wearing a military style drape and a radiate \u003cbr\u003ecrown, framed by the inscription \"GALLIENVS AVG,\" which simply means \"Emperor \u003cbr\u003eGallienus.\"\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eReverse : \u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eLIBERALITAS AVG, Liberalitas standing left, \u003cbr\u003eholding coin counter and cornucopiae\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eLIBERALITAS - Liberality, being one of the princely virtues \u003cbr\u003eand at the same time a most popular quality, appears both as a legend and as a \u003cbr\u003etype on a great many Roman imperial medals. These attest the occasions when the \u003cbr\u003eemperors made a display of their generosity towards the people by all kinds of \u003cbr\u003edistributions amongst them, in money and provisions. In the earlier age this was \u003cbr\u003ecalled Congiarium (Munus), because they distributed congios oleo plenos. In the \u003cbr\u003etime of the free republic, the Ediles were specially entrusted with these \u003cbr\u003edistributions, as a means of acquiring the good will of the people. The same \u003cbr\u003epractice was followed under the emperors; and we occasionally find on their \u003cbr\u003ecoins the word CONGIARIVM, but the more common term is LIBERALITAS, to which is \u003cbr\u003efrequently added the number of times that such liberality has been exercised by \u003cbr\u003eeach emperor.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e On these occasions of imperial munificence, a certain sum of money was for \u003cbr\u003ethe most part given to each person, and when grain was distributed, or bread, to \u003cbr\u003eprevent the evils of dearness and famine from affecting the Roman populace, it \u003cbr\u003ewas called Annona. But when something beyond their ordinary pay was bestowed \u003cbr\u003eupon the soldiers, it was denominated Donativum, a word, however, not found on \u003cbr\u003ecoins, but comprised under that of Liberalitas, or of Congiarium; and after the \u003cbr\u003ereign of Marcus Aurelius, CONGIARIVM is no longer found, and the expression \u003cbr\u003eLIBERALITAS is alone employed.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Liberality is personified by the image of a woman, holding in one hand a \u003cbr\u003ecounting board, or square tablet with a handle on which are cut a certain number \u003cbr\u003eof holes. These boards were used to quickly count the proper number of coins or \u003cbr\u003eother items for distribution to each person. It appears they would be dipped \u003cbr\u003einto a container, covered with coins and the excess swept away back into the \u003cbr\u003econtainer. The proper number of coins would fill the holes and then would be \u003cbr\u003edumped out to the recipient. On coins this symbol indicated the prince had given \u003cbr\u003eto the people money, corn, and other articles of consumption. In the other hand \u003cbr\u003eshe holds a cornucopia, to indicate the abundance of wheat contained in the \u003cbr\u003epublic granaries. Liberalitas is represented as presiding at all congiaria. The \u003cbr\u003eliberalities of the Augusti, by which the distribution of their bounties to the \u003cbr\u003epeople is signified, were of two kinds, ordinary and extraordinary.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eGallienus was Emperor of the Roman Empire \u003cbr\u003efrom AD 253-268, sharing the throne with his father Valerian until AD 260, then \u003cbr\u003eas sole ruler until his death in AD 268. Based upon the inscriptions, this \u003cbr\u003eBillon Double-Denarius of Gallienus was struck during his solitary reign, AD \u003cbr\u003e260-268. The Romans typically used doubled letters to indicate plurality. \u003cbr\u003eCoinage of Gallienus minted during his joint reign are inscribed \"AVGG\" (two \u003cbr\u003eemperors), while later coins bear the inscription \"AVG.\"\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"WCPGSubHead\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 11px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-size: 14pt;\" align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003ePublius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus ( c. 218 \u003cbr\u003e– September 268) was Roman emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260 and \u003cbr\u003ealone from 260 to 268. He ruled during the Crisis of the Third Century that \u003cbr\u003enearly caused the collapse of the empire. He won a number of military victories \u003cbr\u003eagainst usurpers and Germanic tribes, but was unable to prevent the secession of \u003cbr\u003eimportant provinces. His 15-year reign was the longest in half a century.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBorn into a wealthy and traditional senatorial family, Gallienus was the son of \u003cbr\u003eValerian and Mariniana. Valerian became Emperor in September 253 and had the \u003cbr\u003eRoman senate elevate Gallienus to the ranks of Caesar and Augustus. Valerian \u003cbr\u003edivided the empire between him and his son, with Valerian ruling the east and \u003cbr\u003ehis son the west. Gallienus defeated the usurper Ingenuus in 258 and destroyed \u003cbr\u003ean Alemanni army at Mediolanum in 259.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe defeat and capture of Valerian at Edessa in 260 by the Sasanian Empire threw \u003cbr\u003ethe Roman Empire into the chaos of civil war. Control of the whole empire passed \u003cbr\u003eto Gallienus. He defeated the eastern usurpers Macrianus Major and Lucius \u003cbr\u003eMussius Aemilianus in 261–262 but failed to stop the formation of the breakaway \u003cbr\u003eGallic Empire under general Postumus. Aureolus, another usurper, proclaimed \u003cbr\u003ehimself emperor in Mediolanum in 268 but was defeated outside the city by \u003cbr\u003eGallienus and besieged inside. While the siege was ongoing, Gallienus was \u003cbr\u003eassassinated, stabbed to death by the officer Cecropius, as part of a \u003cbr\u003econspiracy.\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"WCPGSubHead\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 11px;\"\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\" align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003ePlease check out my other listings and we will be happy to combine in one package !\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"WCPGSubHead\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 11px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-size: 14pt;\" align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eYOU WILL RECEIVED THE SAME COIN AS PICTURED.\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-size: 14pt;\" align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cb style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eALL COINS ARE AUTHENTIC AS DESCRIBED.\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e \u003cbr\u003eListed with ExportYourStore.com","brand":"eNumismat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44189681975540,"sku":"NGC 6826732-147","price":40.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0271\/8600\/4103\/products\/57_b5c590ff-bc1c-4590-9f01-b3b0523d3614.jpg?v=1688631837","url":"https:\/\/enumismat.com\/products\/roman-gallienus-ad-253-268-bi-double-denarius-liberalitas-ngc-147","provider":"eNumismat","version":"1.0","type":"link"}