{"product_id":"roman-julian-ii-ad-360-363-bi-half-centenionalis-battle-soldier-horse-man-ngc-4","title":"ROMAN Julian II AD 360-363 BI Half Centenionalis\/BATTLE Soldier Horse man NGC .4","description":"\u003cbr\u003e \u003cfont rwr=\"1\" style=\"\"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 class=\"WCPGSubHead\" style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 11px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-size: 14pt;\" align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cfont style=\"font-family: Arial;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cfont style=\"font-family: Arial;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\u003cdiv style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\";'\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\u003ch2 class=\"WCPGSubHead\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 11px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/resized-images.crazylister.com\/68747470733a2f2f696d672e6372617a796c69737465722e636f6d2f35383630382f696d616765732f6c6f676f322835292e706e673f76657273696f6e49643d5f695235775254556a5736497a53305f54792e524c376649764f6c347a727834\/auto\/82.png\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\u003cdiv style=\"\"\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e \u003cp align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eROMAN EMPIRE\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tJulian II as Caesar AD 360-363\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tAE4 BI NUMMUS\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tGRADED NGC\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tObverse: Bare-headed, draped \u0026amp;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tcuirassed bust right\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\t\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cfont style=\"\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eReverse: soldier spearing fallen horseman who is bare-headed,bearded, reaching \u003cbr\u003ebackwards.\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tFlavius Claudius Julianus, known also as\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tJulian, Julian the Apostate or Julian the Philosopher (331\/332 – \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\t26 June 363,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tGreek :Ιουλιανός), was Roman Emperor (Caesar, November 355 to \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tFebruary 360;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tAugustus, February 360 to June 363), last of the Constantinian \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tdynasty . Julian\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\twas a man of \"unusually complex character\": he was \"the military \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tcommander, the\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\ttheosophist, the social reformer, and the man of letters\".\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tJulian was the last non-Christian ruler of the Roman Empire and \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tit was his\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tdesire to bring the empire back to its ancient Roman values in \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\torder to save it\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tfrom \"dissolution\". He purged the top-heavy state bureaucracy \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tand attempted to\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\trevive traditional Roman religious practices at the cost of \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tChristianity . His\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\trejection of Christianity in favour of Neo -Platonic paganism \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tcaused him to be\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tcalled Julian the Apostate by the church, as Edward Gibbon \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\twrote:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tIn 363, after a reign of only 19 months as absolute ruler of the \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tRoman Empire,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tJulian died in Persia during a campaign against the Sassanid \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tEmpire .\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tFlavius Claudius Julianus, born in May or June 332 or 331 in \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tConstantinople ,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\twas the son of Julius Constantius (consul in 335), half brother \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tof Emperor\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tConstantine I , and his second wife, Basilina, both Christians. \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tHis paternal\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tgrandparents were Western Roman Emperor Constantius Chlorus and \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\this second wife,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tFlavia Maximiana Theodora . His maternal grandfather was Julius \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tJulianus,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tpraetorian prefect of the East under emperor Licinius from 315 \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tto 324 and consul\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tafter 325. The name of Julian's maternal grandmother is unknown.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tIn the turmoil after the death of Constantine in 337, in order \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tto establish\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\thimself as sole emperor, Julian's zealous Arian Christian cousin \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tConstantius II\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tled a massacre of Julian's family. Constantius II ordered the \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tmurders of many\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tdescendants from the second marriage of Constantius Chlorus and \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tTheodora,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tleaving only Constantius and his brothers Constantine II and \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tConstans I , and\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\ttheir cousins, Julian and Gallus (Julian's half-brother), as the \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tsurviving males\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\trelated to Emperor Constantine. Constantius II, Constans I, and \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tConstantine II\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\twere proclaimed joint emperors, each ruling a portion of Roman \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tterritory. Julian\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tand Gallus were excluded from public life and given a strictly \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tArian Christian\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\teducation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tInitially growing up in Bithynia, raised by his maternal \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tgrandmother, at the age\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tof seven he was under the guardianship of Eusebius of Nicomedia \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\t, the semi-Arian\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tChristian Bishop of Nicomedia, and taught by Mardonius, a Gothic \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\teunuch , whom\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tJulian wrote warmly of later. After Eusebius died in 342, both \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tJulian and Gallus\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\twere exiled to the imperial estate of Macellum in Cappadocia . \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tHere Julian met\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tthe Christian bishop George of Cappadocia , who lent him books \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tfrom the\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tclassical tradition. At the age of 18, the exile was lifted and \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\the dwelt briefly\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tin Constantinople and Nicomedia.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tHe became a lector , a minor office in the Christian church, and \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\this later\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\twritings show a detailed knowledge of the Bible, likely acquired \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tin his early\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tlife. (Looking back on his life in 362, Julian wrote, in his \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tthirty-first year,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tthat he had spent twenty years in the way of Christianity and \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\ttwelve in the true\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tway (ie the way of Helios).)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tJulian studied Neoplatonism in Asia Minor in 351, at first under \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tAedesius , the\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tphilosopher, and then Neoplatonic theurgy from Aedesius' \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tstudent, Maximus of\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tEphesus . He was summoned to Constantius' court in Milan in 354 \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tand kept there\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tfor a year; in the summer and fall of 355, he was permitted to \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tstudy in Athens .\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tWhile there, Julian became acquainted with two men who later \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tbecame both bishops\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tand saints: Gregory of Nazianzus and Basil the Great ; in the \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tsame period,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tJulian was also initiated into the Eleusinian Mysteries , which \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\the would later\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\ttry to restore.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tConstantine II died in 340 when he attacked his brother Constans. \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tConstans in\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tturn fell in 350 in the war against the usurper Magnentius . \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tThis left\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tConstantius II as the sole remaining emperor. In need of \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tsupport, in 351 he made\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tJulian's half-brother, Gallus , Caesar of the East, while \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tConstantius II himself\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tturned his attention westward to Magnentius, whom he defeated \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tdecisively that\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tyear. In 354 Gallus, who had imposed a rule of terror over the \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tterritories under\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\this command, was executed. Julian was summoned to court, and \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\theld for a year,\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tunder suspicion of treasonable intrigue, first with his brother \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tand then with\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tClaudius Silvanus ; he was cleared, in part because the Empress \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tEusebia\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tintervened on his behalf, and he was sent to Athens. (Julian \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\texpresses his\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\tgratitude to the empress Eusebia in his third oration.)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\u003cp style=\"font-size: 14pt;\" align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cb style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003ePlease \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\tcheck out my other listings and we will be happy to combine in one \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\tpackage !\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\u003cdiv style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\u003ch2 class=\"WCPGSubHead\" style=\"font-size: 14pt; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 11px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e \u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\u003cp style=\"font-size: 14pt;\" align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\u003cb style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eYOU WILL RECEIVED THE \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\tSAME COIN AS PICTURED.\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\u003cp style=\"font-size: 14pt;\" align=\"center\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\t\t\t\u003cb style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"\u003e\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eALL COINS ARE AUTHENTIC \u003cbr\u003e\t\t\tAS DESCRIBED.\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\t\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cfont style=\"font-family: Arial;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cfont style=\"\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ch2\u003e \u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e \u003cbr\u003eListed with ExportYourStore.com","brand":"eNumismat","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44071663796468,"sku":"NGC 6826734-014","price":45.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0271\/8600\/4103\/products\/57_95c20455-d574-4c79-8dab-14a19de6b841.jpg?v=1689709298","url":"https:\/\/enumismat.com\/products\/roman-julian-ii-ad-360-363-bi-half-centenionalis-battle-soldier-horse-man-ngc-4","provider":"eNumismat","version":"1.0","type":"link"}