BYZANTINE EMPIRE
Justinian I. AD 527-565. Æ Pentanummium (5
Nummi)
Antioch on the Orontes, Syria, modern-day
Antakya, Turkey
GRADED NGC
Obverse: Diademed, draped, cuirassed bust
right.
Lettering: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AVG
Translation:
D(-ominus) N(-oster) IVSTINIANVS P(-er-)P(-etuus) AVG(-ustus)
"Our Lord Justinian, Perpetual Emperor"
Reverse: Large Є with cross at centre, officina letter to right
Justinian I (/dʒʌˈstɪniən/, just-IN-ee-ən;
Latin: Iustinianus, Classical Latin: [juːstiːniˈaːnʊs]; Greek: Ἰουστινιανός,
translit. Ioustinianós, Medieval Greek: [i.ustini.aˈnos]; 482 – 14 November
565),[b] also known as Justinian the Great,[c] was the Eastern Roman emperor
from 527 to 565.
His reign is marked by the ambitious but only partly realized renovatio imperii,
or "restoration of the Empire". This ambition was expressed by the partial
recovery of the territories of the defunct Western Roman Empire. His general,
Belisarius, swiftly conquered the Vandal Kingdom in North Africa. Subsequently,
Belisarius, Narses, and other generals conquered the Ostrogothic kingdom,
restoring Dalmatia, Sicily, Italy, and Rome to the empire after more than half a
century of rule by the Ostrogoths. The praetorian prefect Liberius reclaimed the
south of the Iberian peninsula, establishing the province of Spania. These
campaigns re-established Roman control over the western Mediterranean,
increasing the Empire's annual revenue by over a million solidi. During his
reign, Justinian also subdued the Tzani, a people on the east coast of the Black
Sea that had never been under Roman rule before. He engaged the Sasanian Empire
in the east during Kavad I's reign, and later again during Khosrow I's reign;
this second conflict was partially initiated due to his ambitions in the west.
A still more resonant aspect of his legacy was the uniform rewriting of Roman
law, the Corpus Juris Civilis, which is still the basis of civil law in many
modern states. His reign also marked a blossoming of Eastern Roman (Byzantine)
culture, and his building program yielded works such as the Hagia Sophia.
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