- CLEANED/UNCLEANED : Uncleaned
- CERTIFICATION NUMBER : 6157821-040
- CERTIFICATION : NGC
- GRADE : NGC
- YEAR : 254-268 AD
- COMPOSITION : Billon
- RULER : Salonina
- DENOMINATION : Denarius
- KM NUMBER : 6157821-040
- ERA : Ancient
ROMAN EMPIRE
Salonina - Roman Empress Wife of Gallienus
AD 254-268
BI DOUBLE DENARIUS
GRADED NGC
Obverse: diademed, draped bust
right on crescent
Reverse: Venus standing left, holding helmet and spear with shield
Venus was a Roman goddess principally
associated with love, beauty and fertility, who played a key role in many Roman
religious festivals and myths. From the third century BC, the increasing
Hellenization of Roman upper classes identified her as the equivalent of the
Greek goddess Aphrodite.
Her cult began in Ardea and Lavinium, Latium. On August 15, 293 BC, her oldest
known temple was dedicated, and August 18 became a festival called the Vinalia
Rustica. After Rome's defeat at the Battle of Lake Trasimene in the opening
episodes of the Second Punic War, the Sibylline oracle recommended the
importation of the Sicillian Venus of Eryx; a temple to her was dedicated on the
Capitoline Hill in 217 BC: a second temple to her was dedicated in 181 BC.
Venus seems to have played a part in household or private religion of some
Romans. Julius Caesar claimed her as an ancestor (Venus Genetrix); possibly a
long-standing family tradition, certainly one adopted as such by his heir
Augustus. Venus statuettes have been found in quite ordinary household shrines (lararia).
In fiction, Petronius places one among the Lares of the freedman Trimalchio's
household shrine.
Julia Cornelia Salonina (d. 268, Mediolanum
) was an Augusta , wife of Roman Emperor Gallienus and mother of Valerian II ,
Saloninus , and Marinianus .
Julia Cornelia Salonina's origin is unknown. According to a modern theory, she
was born of Greek origin in Bithynia , then part of the province of Bithynia et
Pontus , Asia Minor . However, there exists some scepticism on that. She was
married to Gallienus about ten years before his accession to the throne. When
her husband became joint-emperor with his father Valerian in 253, Cornelia
Salonina was named Augusta.
Cornelia was the mother of three princes, Valerian II , Saloninus and Marinianus
. Her fate , a fter the murder of Gallienus, during the siege of Mediolanum in
268, is unknown. It is likely that either her life was spared or the she was
executed together with other members of her family, at the orders of the Senate
of Rome.
Her name is reported on coins with Latin legend as Cornelia Salonina; however,
from the Greek coinage come the names Iulia Cornelia Salonina, Publia Licinia
Cornelia Salonina, and Salonina Chrysogona (attribute that means "begotten of
gold").
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